Reform or Revolution / Rosa Luxemburg

"Reform or Revolution" is a seminal pamphlet written by Polish-German Marxist theorist Rosa Luxemburg in 1899. In this work, Luxemburg critiques the revisionist ideas of Eduard Bernstein, who advocated for achieving socialism through gradual reforms within the capitalist system. She argues that while trade unions and reformist political parties play a role in raising class consciousness among the proletariat, they are insufficient for bringing about a socialist society. Luxemburg emphasizes that capitalism is inherently unstable and prone to crises, making a revolutionary transformation necessary to establish socialism.